DMF
DMF
DMF (Dimethylformamide) is a colorless, high-boiling, and highly polar organic solvent with the chemical formula C₃H₇NO, widely used in chemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial applications. Known for its excellent solvency, DMF can dissolve a wide range of organic and inorganic compounds, making it ideal for use in polymer processing, synthetic fibers, coatings, adhesives, and pharmaceuticals. It is commonly employed as a reaction medium in organic synthesis, including the production of polyurethanes, acrylates, and pharmaceuticals, due to its ability to stabilize reactive intermediates and promote efficient chemical reactions. DMF is miscible with water and most organic solvents, offering versatility in formulations and processes. While it is highly effective as a solvent, DMF must be handled with care because of its potential health hazards, including skin absorption and toxicity, requiring proper protective measures and regulatory compliance in industrial use.
Typical Properties
| Property | Typical Value, Units |
|---|---|
| General | |
| Molecular Formula | C3H2NO |
| Molecular Weight | 73.09 g/mol |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Autoignition Temperature | 445 °C |
| Boiling Point | 152-153 °C |
| Critical Pressure | 44 200 hPa |
| Critical Temperature | 374 °C |
| Critical Volume | 3.65 m³/kg |
| Density 20°C @50°C |
0.949 g/cm³ 0.921 g/cm³ |
| Dielectric Constant 10 kHz 25°C |
36.7 |
| Dipole moment @20°C |
3.81 D (debye) |
| Dissociation constant, pka @20°C |
-0.3 |
| Flash Point Closed Cup |
57.5 °C |
| Free energy of formation @25°C |
239 kJ/mol |
| Freezing Point | 9- °C |
| Hansen solubility parameters@ 25°C Dispersion Hydrogen Bonding Polar Total |
17.4 (MPa)1/2 11.3 (MPa)1/2 13.7 (MPa)1/2 24.8 (MPa)1/2 |
| Heat Capacity Gas (127°C, 101.3 kPa) Liquid (25°C) |
1.61 kJ/kg-K 2.03 kJ/kg-K |
| Heat of Vaporization @140°C @25°C |
38.3 kJ/mol 47.6 kJ/mol |
| Octanol-water partition coefficient, log PoW | -0.85 |
| Refractive Index @25°C |
1.4278 |
| Surface Tension @25°C |
36.42 mN/m |
| Vapor Density (air 1) |
2.52 |
| Vapor Pressure
20°C 25°C 60°C |
3.77 hPа 4.8 hPa 34.6 hPа |
| Viscosity
25°C |
0.802 mPa-s |
| Water solubility | 200 g/L |